This chapter covers the study of the Harappan Civilization as per the Class 9 ICSE History syllabus. Students learn about one of the earliest urban civilizations of India, its discovery, cities, culture, economy, and achievements. The chapter helps in understanding the development and lifestyle of people in ancient India.Key Topics:• Origin and discovery of the Harappan Civilization• Major cities – Harappa and Mohenjo-daro• Town planning and drainage system• Social and economic life• Art, craft, and trade• Decline of the civilization